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Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and muscle degeneration. Despite existing treatments aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving patients' quality of life, there is currently no radical solution to the problem. Stem cell therapy (SCT) is a promising area of research that offers the potential to slow down the progression of MD and even restore damaged muscle tissue. The mechanism of action of MSCs in MD is based on the ability of stem cells to differentiate into myocytes, muscle cells, and to release growth factors that stimulate the regeneration of existing muscle fibers and suppress inflammation. The introduction of stem cells can help to restore damaged muscles, strengthen muscle tissue, and improve motor functions.